Migration of the Ukrainian Population

"Ukraine is a 'border' society, situated culturally and socio-politically between Eurasian and Euro-Atlantic poles of attraction. The influence of these two distinct cultures can be seen throughout Ukrainian society, but particularly in its migration patterns. In this book, Dr Hab. Y. Bilan analyses external migration from Ukraine using the system analysis approach combining econometric analysis and statistical modelling, historiographical and institutional analyses along with quantitative and qualitative sociological analysis with special attention to media discourse and congregational, demographic, gender and regional dimensions.

Towards sustainable economic development via social entrepreneurship

This paper argues that social enterprises (SE) in EU Member States share at least following common features: the dominance of a social or societal objective over market goal, an apparent social responsibility, particularly in the field of profit distribution. However, numeric limits for the criteria of SE identification remain 'unclear': in the majority of cases there are no comprehensible requirements regarding the employment of vulnerable groups and the reinvestment of profits into social projects. Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, and Slovakia advocate accuracy and precision in dealing with the terminology surrounding SE regulatory and legal acts to the greatest extent. Being a significant facilitator of sustainable development, SE growth has a close relationship with certain macroeconomic factors. Our correlation and regression analysis clearly proves that there are certain factors of financial and social environment which have the greatest impact on the increase of the number of SE per 10,000 population, namely: Monetary Freedom, Income Distribution and Helping a Stranger. The first two factors show the impact of government regulation quality in business relation, including the links between employers and employees. The latter factor demonstrates an average social perception of so-called 'inclusion ideas' in different societies

The impact of biodiesel consumption by transport on economic growth in the European Union

The actual EU strategies of sustainable development have determined a very fast increase in biodiesel consumption within the EU, especially since 2005. In line with these developments, the main aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact from biodiesel consumption by transport on economic growth of the EU. The identification of some groups of countries according to economic growth and biodiesel consumption in transport (cluster analysis) was performed. The relationship between economic growth and energy based on biodiesel consumption (panel data models and Granger causality on panel data) was assessed. In this context, using the available data, we assessed the effects of biodiesel consumption by transport on economic growth in the EU over the period 2010-2016. The results based on the panel data approach indicate a positive, but very low impact of energy obtained from biodiesel consumption by transport on the EU 's economic growth. An increase in energy based on biodiesel by one thousand tons of oil equivalent generated, on average, an increase of 0.0019 percentage points in the real GDP rate in the EU during the period of 2010-2016. There is only a unidirectional Granger causality relationship between these two variables: the biodiesel consumption Granger caused the EU economic growth from 2010 to 2016. Policy recommendations should focus on the extension of biodiesel consumption for transport within the EU by establishing a higher minim percentage of biodiesel in transport

Measuring social justice in the light of effectiveness of public distributive policy

Purpose-Our paper stems from the basis of the fundamental principles of equity theory and other justice theories. It suggests integral index of social justice that includes two partial indices: observance of fundamental rights and distribution of socio-economic achievements. Design/methodology/approach – We employ the index method based on normalization of partial indices according to their impact on overall social justice. For computing the integral index of social justice (ISJ) we select countries with obvious links between economic outcomes and efficiency of social sphere regulation (16 EU Member States). We use the data from Global Competitiveness Report which are the most appropriate to components of partial indices. Findings – We assessed the level of social justice basing on the case study of the EU Member States which demonstrate the most obvious relationship of economic efficiency and quality of social sphere regulation. The research confirmed that the economic leadership of the countries has a close connection with social justice in the respective society. At the same time, targeting and ensuring the effectiveness of the state distribution policy in terms of availability of socio-economic benefits beyond the minimum social guarantees is still inferior to efforts aimed at creating an infrastructure for social support of the population and guarantees of fundamental rights and freedoms. Originality/value – We suggest a unique method that allows to identify the reserves of the state distributive mechanisms' improvement and to analyse the links of social justice of the living environment and doing business with the economic successes of the states. Our approach to determining the weighting factors and the composition of the indicators according to the social justice categories can be specified depending on the research objectives. © 2019, Bucharest University of Economic Studies Publishing House. All rights reserved

Human capital factors and remuneration: Analysis of relations, modelling of influence

This paper argues that basing on existing theoretical studies of human capital factors fuzzy logic method shall be applied in in identifying their impact upon the interest on human capital use (wages). The suggested approach allows determining the factors impossible to describe through quantitative indicators, i.e. gender, education level, experience. Unlike traditional approaches, such as ranked assessments or investment cost indicators in the formation of certain human capital components, the use of the proposed methodology for analysing the link between human capital factors and remuneration allows applying real characteristics of the human capital of employees. Appropriate assessment can be the basis of modelling and correction of relations in determining wages and suitable decision-making regarding the development and changes in the structure of the human capital of the company. © 2017 The Authors. Published by VGTU Press

Does tax competition for capital define entrepreneurship trends in Eastern Europe?

The article deals with the analysis of relationships between tax competition and entrepreneurship development in Eastern European and Baltic countries during 2006-2017. Incomplete nature of tax systems reforming in these countries forms preconditions for their participation in cross-country tax competition in investment flows reallocation. The main instrument of the tax competition includes tax rates, which are defined by convergence tendencies in the studied countries. Other factors of the research are tax burden levels on the enterprise, tax administration indices and macroeconomic indicators. The entrepreneurship development at the country's level is characterized by a number of new businesses, the duration of their life cycle and their liquidation indices. The calculations results show that higher levels of absolute tax rates for enterprises lead to the reduction of their creation volumes in the country's economy. High level of the tax burden partially restrains entrepreneurial activity. Tax administration plays a significant role in the provision of the country's tax competition. Time to pay taxes and the number of tax payments have a great impact on entrepreneurship development at different stages. The hypothesis is proved that tax factors impact on the entrepreneurial activity is reasonable to be observed within the context of the country's macroeconomic conditions. © 2018 Faculty of European Studies

Planning horizon in labour supply of Belarusian small entrepreneurs

Our article focuses on testing the intertemporal substitution hypothesis (ISH) that predicts a positive relationship between hours worked and transitory changes in wages for the owners of Belarusian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Our results demonstrate that Belarusian entrepreneurs are willing to work a fixed number of hours regardless of their businesses’ performance. Additionally, it appears that females have larger labour supply elasticity than males (it should be noted that male labour supply elasticity becomes even more insignificant when we use robust standard errors). Our results are consistent with the similar findings in USA, Africa, UK and Poland, however, they cannot be generalised for larger companies, since the nature of ISH testing largely depends on the size of the company and its decision-making processes. Our findings suggest that the complicated business environment in Belarus (e.g. difficulties in establishing and running an enterprise, tight bureaucratic control and slow business dynamics) and worsening conditions of the Belarusian economy make small Belarusian entrepreneurs plan their time horizons in a uniquely short-sighted way

Trust crisis in the financial sector and macroeconomic stability: a structural equation modelling approach

Although the growing body of literature that recognises a destabilising role of the trust crisis in the macroeconomic stability, the understanding of mediational pathways remains limited. The current paper fills the gap by contributing to the existing literature by examining closely the mediating effect of the trust crisis in the financial sector on the indicators of macroeconomic stability due to the anticipated impact of the financial intermediation development and the monetary policy transmission mechanism, as well as their combinatorial impact. A method of structural equation modelling was used to analyse the input data. It has been empirically confirmed that exacerbation of the trust crisis in the financial sector without the use of regulatory measures is detrimental to macroeconomic stability. The results of the mediation analysis show that transmission channels of the monetary policy mechanism and developed financial sector mitigate the harmful effects of deepening the trust crisis in the financial sector and lead to an increase in macroeconomic stability indicators. From a practical perspective, the findings revealed that interest, credit, and currency channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism could be used to cope with the erosion of the trust crisis in the financial sector to macroeconomic stability. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine [0117U003924, 0118U003569

Quality of life of the youth: assessment methodology development and empirical study in human capital management

Based on existing approaches to assessing the quality of life and similar concepts in human capital management, a quality of life index for young people is proposed. It takes into account the factors of four groups that determine the subjective satisfaction with the quality of life: Economic environment; Socio-political environment; Social environment; Natural environment. Partial factors and their corresponding quality of life indicators are adapted to the assessments of young people, whose needs and interests differ significantly from other age groups due to differences in the values of generations and features of economic activity at a young age. The methodology developed by the authors is based on taking into account subjective assessments of the level of satisfaction with quality of life factors, as well as their importance based on the determination of weights. As a result of testing the methodology, it was found that the most important factors for a positive perception of quality of life are the social environment, in particular, family relationships and health. Economic and environmental factors have approximately the same effect. Socio-political environment factors have the least influence. Due to material well-being and the quality of socio-political life, satisfaction with the life of employed youth is slightly higher (by 3%). Instead, respondents who do not work are more satisfied with social comfort. The integrated index of quality of life of the interviewed youth is 3,438 points out of 5 maximum. The methodology and results of the assessment are useful for the development of national and regional programs and strategies of human capital development due to increase the level of satisfaction of material, spiritual and cultural needs of young people